Continuous Physiological Monitoring for Medical and Professional Applications
2M Engineering develops advanced cardiac-respiratory wearable platforms for continuous physiological monitoring. Our technology enables long-term, high-quality measurement of vital signals such as ECG, respiration, motion and additional biosignals — in real-world conditions.
The platform is designed for dual use:
- Professional & defence applications (military physiology, pilot monitoring, high-performance personnel)
- Medical applications (clinical research, ambulatory monitoring, decentralized care)
What the Platform Enables
Cardiac-respiratory monitoring is increasingly moving outside the hospital. Our wearable platform is designed to support:
- long-term physiological monitoring (multiple days)
- raw data collection for advanced offline analysis and AI development
- real-time streaming for supervision, validation and feedback
- operation in demanding environments
The platform is lightweight, wearable, and designed to be used by both professionals and end-users with minimal burden.
Reference Platform: PCARDIO Wearables
A key implementation of this technology is the PCARDIO wearable platform — a modular, CE-compliant cardiac-respiratory sensing solution developed by 2M Engineering.
PCARDIO serves as:
- a ready-to-use solution for research and professional monitoring
- a technology foundation for OEM and custom developments
Core Physiological Signals
The platform supports synchronized measurement of multiple biosignals, depending on configuration and application needs.
Cardiac Monitoring (ECG)
- 1-lead, multi-lead and extended ECG configurations
- high-resolution raw ECG for rhythm analysis, HRV and arrhythmia detection
- scalable from research to certified medical use
Respiratory Monitoring (BioZ)
- respiration rate and breathing pattern monitoring using bioimpedance
- suitable for stationary and ambulatory scenarios
- basis for advanced cardiopulmonary analytics
Motion & Activity
- accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer support
- posture, activity and motion context for physiological interpretation
- optional integration with external motion sensors
- Extended & Optional Sensors
- Thanks to its modular architecture, the platform can be extended with additional sensing modalities, including:
- impedance cardiography (ICG) for hemodynamic parameters
- galvanic skin response (GSR) for stress and autonomic response
- PPG / SpO₂ for oxygen saturation and vascular dynamics
- skin temperature
- sound sensors for heart and lung acoustics
- application-specific custom sensors
- This flexibility allows tailoring the platform to clinical, research, military or professional use cases.
Extended & Optional Sensors
Thanks to its modular architecture, the platform can be extended with additional sensing modalities, including:
- impedance cardiography (ICG) for hemodynamic parameters
- galvanic skin response (GSR) for stress and autonomic response
- PPG / SpO₂ for oxygen saturation and vascular dynamics
- skin temperature
- sound sensors for heart and lung acoustics
- application-specific custom sensors
This flexibility allows tailoring the platform to clinical, research, military or professional use cases.
Designed for Dual Use: Medical & Defence
The cardiac-respiratory platform has been applied in both civilian medical contexts and defence-related projects.
Medical Applications
- ambulatory cardiac and respiratory monitoring
- pre- and post-operative observation
- chronic disease monitoring
- decentralized and home-based care
Defence & Professional Applications
- physiological monitoring of pilots and soldiers
- stress and workload assessment
- performance and recovery monitoring
- operation in harsh and mobile environments
The same core technology supports both domains, with configuration, certification and data handling adapted per application.
Modular Wearable Architecture
The platform consists of:
- a compact wearable recorder
- disposable dry-electrode patches or reusable electrode solutions
- optional textile or strap-based integration
- docking and wireless interfaces for data transfer
It supports:
- multi-day raw data storage
- wireless BLE setup, control and live streaming
- open APIs for third-party software integration
OEM & Custom Development
The cardiac-respiratory platform is explicitly designed as an OEM foundation.
We support:
- hardware and sensor customization
- flexible electronics and patch redesign
- embedded algorithm development
- product design and enclosure adaptation
- web, app and cloud integration
Depending on requirements, we provide:
- research-grade systems
- CE-certified medical devices
- solutions prepared for MDR and ISO 13485 production
Certification, Industrialisation & Production
2M Engineering supports the full lifecycle:
- medical device classification and risk analysis
- certification (CE, MDR)
- ISO 13485-compliant production
- small series to medium-scale manufacturing
This ensures a seamless transition from platform to deployable product.
Selected Cardiac-Respiratory Projects
Our platform has been applied in projects such as:
- wearable ECG & respiration patches
- multi-sensor cardiac monitoring systems
- pilot physiology monitoring solutions
- OEM ECG streamers and recorders
→ View cardiac-respiratory projects
Let’s Discuss Your Application
If you are developing a cardiac-respiratory wearable — for medical, professional or defence use — and need a partner who can take responsibility from sensing principle to certified production, we are happy to explore your case.
Cardiac & Respiratory Wearable Platform Projects
HeartGuard — AI-Enabled Home Monitoring for Heart Failure Patients
P-Cardio HP201 1-Lead Wearable ECG Monitor & Motion Sensor
P-CARDIO HP202 – 6-Lead Wearable ECG Recorder + Motion Sensor
Flight Sense System
Wearable EMG sensor
Portable ECG Respiration Monitor
LODE Wireless BLE ECG Streamer & Logger
Joint development of 2M Engineering & TNO/Holst
TNO at Holst Centre and 2M Engineering have jointly developed a Health Patch. Expertise of TNO/Holst is printed & flexible electronics and expertise of 2M is on product creation, certification and production.
We believe the health-patch platform will help healthcare companies around the world to bring customized wearable devices to market, targeting pre-and post-operative monitoring, ambulatory monitoring and a variety of specific conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and for the remote monitoring of Covid-19 patients.
Furthermore, because of its modular design, additional vital function measures can be integrated, such as oxygen saturation and vascular dynamics.
Frequently Asked Questions
What physiological signals can the Wearable Health Patch measure and record?
The Health Patch measures and records signals such as ECG, bioimpedance (for respiration monitoring), and motion data via accelerometers, gyroscope and magnetometer. Extra sensors can be connected to the health patch platform including ICG, PPG/SPO2, BioZ, Temperature, Sound and so on.
What is the maximum duration for continuous data recording?
The maximum duration depends on the chosen sample frequency. At 250 sps the wearable health-patch platform can continuously record health data for up to 10 days, facilitating extensive offline analysis and processing. If additional sensors are connected the duration will be shortened.
What components are included with the Health Patch system?
The system comprises a recorder, a disposable dry electrode array or recorder holder for standard electrodes, a docking station for high-speed data download, and a wireless USB dongle for live visualisation and functionality verification. The PC application to setup and download recordings is also included.
Is the Health Patch compatible with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes?
Yes, the Health Patch can also be delivered with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes.
Can the Health Patch be integrated in textile wearables and straps?
Yes the Health Patch can easily be integrated in textile wearables and straps using a recorder holder that uses standard snaps. Custom solutions are also possible but will require additional development and testing.
In which sectors can the Health Patch be applied?
The platform is versatile, serving applications in medical, professional sports, and defense sectors.
Is the Health Patch suitable for long-term data collection?
Absolutely, it is designed for high-quality, long-term (up to 10 days) raw data collection, ideal for offline AI algorithm development.
How user-friendly is the Health Patch for both users and care providers?
The Health Patch is lightweight and designed for ease of use, ensuring comfort for users and straightforward operation for care providers. After prolonged use of patches > 14 days users can get skin rash.
Does the Health Patch support real-time data streaming?
Yes, it can stream raw biosignals using wireless BLE technology, enabling real-time monitoring. However the research product is designed for raw data collection. For pure real-time data streaming data needs to be summarised in the recorder, which is almost always application specific.
Can the Wearable Health Patch platform be customised for specific applications?
The technology platform consists of universally applicable building blocks that can be quickly reconfigured to meet diverse application requirements.
What types of ExG signals can the Health Patch measure?
While currently focused on 1 channel (single-lead) and 2 channel (Einthoven traingle) ECG measurements, 2M has 12-lead prototypes available for multi-lead ECG recordings. With minor modifications, it can also measure ExG signals to monitor muscle (EMG), eye (EOG), or brain (EEG) activity, depending on the application.
How does the Wearable Health Patch monitor respiration?
It utilizes bioimpedance technology to monitor breathing rate, providing reliable performance in stationary settings. 2M offers other solutions for respiration monitoring for more dynamic sports or miltary applications.
What motion data does the Health Patch capture?
The platform includes a 16G accelerometer sensor that measures vibrations, shock, G-force, and orientation relative to Earth’s gravitational field. It also contains gyroscope and magnetometer sensors for comprehensive 9-DOF motion tracking. This data can serve as a valuable source of additional contextual insights.
Is the Wearable Health Patch suitable for dynamic environments?
Yes, the suitability of the Wearable Health Patch in dynamic environments largely depends on the design of the electrodes, patch, strap, and shielding to ensure signal quality. For dynamic applications, however, the BioZ respiration sensor may need to be substituted with a different sensor technology better suited to such conditions.
Can the Wearable Health Patch Platform be integrated with other systems?
Yes, its modular design allows for integration with various systems, and it can be customised to include additional vital function measurements as needed.
What are the data download capabilities of the Wearable Health Patch?
The docking station facilitates high-speed data download, ensuring efficient transfer of recorded information for analysis.